AMS Guide Part 5

Chapter 7 — Electricity Without Flowing Stuff

7.1 The Everyday Picture We All Learn

Most of us first learn electricity using a simple picture:

  • electrons are little particles
  • they flow through wires
  • a battery pushes them along
  • energy is carried by their motion

This picture is not useless.
It works well enough to build circuits and pass exams.

But it quietly creates puzzles that never quite go away.

7.2 The First Puzzle: Drift Is Too Slow

In real conductors:

  • electrons drift extremely slowly
  • often millimetres per second or less

Yet:

  • lights turn on almost instantly
  • signals propagate near the speed of light

If electricity were really “stuff flowing through wires”,
this would be very hard to explain.

We are forced to say things like:

“The electrons move slowly, but the field moves fast.”

At that point, the story is already splitting.

7.3 The Second Puzzle: Where Is the Energy?

Another awkward question:

If electrons carry the energy, where is that energy stored?

Careful analysis shows:

  • energy is not mainly inside the wire
  • energy is stored and transmitted in the surrounding field

The wire mostly:

  • constrains
  • guides
  • enables

It is not the main carrier.

This should make us pause.

7.4 Reframing Electricity in AMS Terms

AMS begins from a different starting point.

Recall from earlier chapters:

  • vortons carry identity
  • coupling governs organisation
  • slip enables rearrangement

In this picture, electricity is not the transport of objects.

It is:

the directed reconfiguration of substrate tension,
enabled by permitted slip pathways.

Nothing substantial needs to travel from one end of a wire to the other.

7.5 Voltage as Disequilibrium, Not Pressure

Voltage is often described as “electrical pressure”.

That metaphor is not terrible — but incomplete.

In AMS terms:

  • voltage corresponds to a tensional disequilibrium
  • a difference in how the substrate is constrained between regions

Think less:

“pressure pushing charges”

and more:

“a mismatch that wants to relax.”

The system seeks a lower-energy configuration,
not because it wants to,
but because such configurations are allowed and stable.

7.6 Current as Reconfiguration Rate

Current, in AMS, is not “how much stuff passes a point”.

It is:

the rate at which reconfiguration occurs
along an available pathway.

In a conductor:

  • vortons are strongly coupled but slip-permissive
  • re-seating can cascade along the structure

The result looks like flow,
but what is flowing is configuration, not matter.

7.7 Why Conductors and Insulators Differ

The difference between a conductor and an insulator
is not that one has charges and the other does not.

Both contain vortons.
Both involve the substrate.

The difference lies in:

  • coupling strength
  • permitted slip pathways

Conductors:

  • allow reconfiguration to propagate easily

Insulators:

  • lock configurations locally
  • store tension instead of redistributing it

This reframes capacitance and resistance naturally,
without introducing new entities.

7.8 Resistance Without Collisions

In many textbooks, resistance is explained as:

  • electrons colliding with atoms

In AMS terms, resistance is better understood as:

the cost of rearranging a tightly constrained configuration.

Energy is dissipated when:

  • ordered reconfiguration degrades into less organised modes
  • tension relaxes into incoherent substrate motion

Nothing needs to “hit” anything else.
The language of collisions is a stand-in for constraint loss.

7.9 Why This Picture Scales

This way of thinking:

  • works for DC and AC
  • works for transmission lines
  • works for high-frequency systems
  • accommodates displacement current naturally

Most importantly:

it explains why electricity looks fast, global, and field-like
even though matter barely moves.

7.10 What This Sets Up

Once electricity is seen as directed reconfiguration,
two further questions arise:

  • What happens when reconfiguration circulates instead of progressing?
  • What happens when geometry, not material flow, dominates behaviour?

Those questions lead directly to magnetism —
reinterpreted not as force,
but as constraint geometry.

Chapter 8 — Magnetism as Constraint, Not Force

8.1 Why Magnetism Feels Especially Strange

Magnetism has always been slightly unsettling.

  • it acts at a distance
  • it depends on motion
  • it produces geometry (loops, alignments, fields)

Unlike gravity or electricity,
magnetism resists simple object-based explanation.

This makes it fertile ground for misunderstanding.

8.2 The Force Picture and Its Limits

We are usually taught:

  • moving charges produce magnetic fields
  • magnetic fields exert forces on charges
  • forces cause motion

This description works operationally.
But it raises a deeper question:

What is the magnetic field, physically?

Once again, the answer often becomes circular.

8.3 Magnetism Reframed in AMS

In AMS, magnetism is not a force acting between objects.

It is:

the geometric constraint state of the substrate
associated with circulating or closed reconfiguration.

Where electricity corresponds to directed relaxation,
magnetism corresponds to structured circulation.

8.4 A Simple Metaphor: Vortices, Not Pulls

Consider a whirlpool in water.

Objects near it:

  • curve in their paths
  • align with the flow
  • experience deflection

The whirlpool is not “pulling” them.
It is shaping the geometry of motion.

Magnetism works more like this
than like invisible strings tugging on particles.

8.5 Why Magnetic Fields Form Loops

Magnetic field lines always form closed loops.

In AMS, this is not mysterious.

Closed loops indicate:

  • closure of constraint
  • circulation without endpoints
  • equilibrium geometry

Nothing is flowing “out” or “in”.
The system is internally consistent.

8.6 Permanent Magnets Revisited

A permanent magnet is not special matter.

It is matter whose internal coupling:

  • stabilises a particular constraint geometry
  • maintains alignment without ongoing input

This is why:

  • cutting a magnet gives two magnets
  • heating can destroy magnetism
  • alignment matters more than material identity

The geometry is the thing.

8.7 Motion, Magnetism, and Relativity (Gently)

Electric and magnetic effects transform into each other
depending on motion.

In AMS terms, this is expected.

What appears as:

  • directed reconfiguration in one frame
    appears as:
  • circulating constraint in another

No new substance is required.
Only perspective changes.

8.8 Magnetism Without Agency

Because magnetism produces:

  • order
  • alignment
  • form

it is tempting to attribute intelligence or purpose to it.

AMS explicitly rejects this move.

Magnetic constraint:

  • organises
  • stabilises
  • channels behaviour

but does not decide, intend, or optimise.

It is lawful geometry, not thought.

8.9 Why Magnetism Is Essential to Form

Without magnetic-type constraint behaviour:

  • vortons would not stabilise into structures
  • coupling regimes would collapse
  • matter would lack persistence

Magnetism, in this sense,
is what allows form to exist at all —
without importing agency into physics.

8.10 What Comes Next

At this point, three major pieces are in place:

  • identity (vortons)
  • motion and flow (electricity)
  • constraint and form (magnetism)

The next step is to see how these interact dynamically:

  • how energy is stored
  • how it oscillates
  • how resonance emerges
  • why time and geometry trade roles

That brings us to:
capacitance, inductance, and resonance —
and to why Tesla-style systems behave the way they do.

​

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